PRESENTACIÓN DE UN CASO DE LA PSICOTERAPIA FOCALIZADA EN LA TRANSFERENCIA PARA ADOLESCENTES (TFP-A) CON EL ENFOQUE EN EL ANÁLISIS DE LA TRANSFERENCIA

Cuadernos de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia del Niño y del Adolescente; 68, 117-130, 2020.

Tuulikki Trias

La TFP-A (Psicoterapia focalizada en la transferencia para adolescentes) es un tratamiento para adolescentes que presentan características propias de los trastornos de la personalidad graves, y tiene el objetivo de consolidar una identidad integrada del adolescente. Con la reducción de la difusión de la identidad el adolescente conseguirá tener un mejor control de su conducta, aumentará su regulación de los afectos, desarrollará relaciones más intimas y satisfactorias y aumentará su capacidad para trabajar. La TFP-A se centra en facilitar la reactivación de las relaciones de objeto escindidas y distorsionadas en la relación terapéutica y en interpretarlas a medida que se experimentan en la transferencia. El objetivo de esta comunicación es ilustrar la evolución de la TFP-A de una adolescente con difusión de la identidad y rasgos sado-masoquistas y narcisistas. Se presta una atención especial a la comunicación no verbal del paciente y se ilustran algunas manifestaciones de la transferencia y contratransferencia.

Palabras clave: trastorno de la personalidad, adolescencia, psicoterapia, transferencia.

RELACIONES ENTRE GEMELOS A LO LARGO DE LA VIDA

CAPITULO 5 EN EL LIBRO: KIEHTOVA KAKSOSUUS, 2020

Tuulikki Trias

PSICOTERÀPIA BREU EN PERINATALITAT EN UN CENTRE D’ATENCIÓ PRIMÀRIA: UNA PSICOTERÀPIA CENTRADA EN LA PARENTALITAT EN EMBARASSADES AMB RISC DE DEPRESSIÓ I ANSIETAT

Revista Catalana de Psicoanàlisi, vol. XXXV, 2, 2018

Marta Gomà, Antònia Llairó, Tuulikki Trias

DEVELOPMENT OF MATERNAL REPRESENTATIONS AND THE MOTHER-BABY RELATIONSHIP IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT RISK OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

Conference paper: Joseph Sandler

Conference, At: Yale Child Study Center, 2015

PROJECT

The impact of a psychoanalytically inspired intervention in parenting in Primary Health Care for pregnant women at risk of anxiety and depression: development of maternal representations and the mother-baby relationship.

Marta Gomà, Antònia Llairó, Tuulikki Trias

RELACIONES ENTRE GEMELOS: REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA

Revista de psicopatología y salud mental del niño y del adolescente, 20, 2012

Tuulikki Trias, Hanna Ebeling, Irma Moilanen

RESUMEN

La relación de gemelos crea un tipo especial de relación. Los gemelos pueden ofrecerse el uno al otro apoyo mutuo, compañerismo y cariño, y se ha sugerido que es la relación más estrecha posible entre dos personas. Por otra parte, los gemelos se enfrentan a sentimientos difíciles, uno puede ser más dominante, mientras el otro puede ser más sumiso y, en ocasiones, la identificación y la dependencia entre los co-gemelos puede ser muy acentuada y fuerte. El artículo es una revisión de los resultados de investigaciones anteriores sobre la relación inter-gemelos.

Palabras clave: apego, dependencia co-gemelos, dominio-sumisión, identidad, personalidad, separación-individuación

Inter-twin relationships: a review article

ABSTRACT

Twin relationship creates a special type of relationship. Twins can offer to each other mutual support, companionship and caring, and it has been suggested to be the closest relationship possible between two persons. On the other hand twins face also difficult feelings, other twin may be more dominant while the other is more submissive, and sometimes identification and dependence between the co-twins may be very accentuated and strong. This article is a review of previous research findings of the inter-twin relationship.

Key words: attachment, co-twin dependence, dominance–submissiveness, identity, personality, separation-individuation.

EARLY STAGES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TFP-AIT MODEL OF TREATMENT

Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence 60(5):S57-S58, 2012

Esther Verdaguer, Tuulikki Trias, Marta Gomà

DEPRESSIVE AND PSYCHOSOMATIC SYMPTOMS IN TWINS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CO-TWIN DEPENDENCE

Twin Research and Human Genetics 13(6):559-66, 2010

Tuulikki Trias, Hanna Ebeling, Varpu Penninkilampi-Kerola, Irma Moilanen

ABSTRACT

We analyzed depressive and psychosomatic symptoms in relation to co-twin dependence in 419 twins at the age of 22 to 30 years. Depressive symptoms were assessed, as previously, with Children’s Depression Inventory modified to be suitable for this age and reported as a total score and three subscales (low self-confidence, anhedonia and sadness) based on factor analysis as reported in a previous epidemiological study conducted in Finland. Items assessing nervous complaints and somatic symptoms were adapted from Finnish studies of juvenile health habits. Inter-twin dependence decreased with increasing age in both genders. Monozygotic twins, especially monozygotic females, reported most often to be dependent on their co-twin. When the symptom reporting was evaluated in relation to co-twin dependence, no relation was found between co-twin dependence and depressive symptom reporting. However, dependence-independence imbalance within twin pair was associated with elevated levels of depressive and psychosomatic symptoms, especially in twins who perceived themselves as dependent and the co-twin as independent. We conclude that there was no relation found between co-twin dependence and depressive symptom reporting in male and female twins except for the few imbalance cases, where most symptoms were reported by those dependent twins who felt their co-twin as independent.

INTER-TWIN AND PARENT-TWIN RELATIONSHIPS AND MENTAL HEALTH: a study of twins from adolescence to young adulthood

Thesis doctoral, University of Oulu, 2006

Tuulikki Trias

ABSTRACT

The sample consisted of 419 twins, born in 1965–1973, from Northern Finland who had beenfollowed at ten-year intervals, at 2–10 years, 12–20 years and at 22–30 years of age. Data onpsychosomatic   symptoms,   parent-twin   and   inter-twin   relationships   were   elicited,   and   twinscompleted the Children’s Depression Inventory modified for age.Middle adolescence appeared to be the most difficult phase of puberty for twins as far asdepressive and psychosomatic/somatic symptoms were concerned. When different twin pairs wereevaluated separately, the males of opposite-sex twin pairs seemed to be in the most favourableposition, particularly in late adolescence, as they reported least depressive symptoms. Depressive and psychosomatic symptoms were evaluated in relation to parental preference amongyoung adult twins. Parental preference was evaluated in two directions: which one of the parents wasreported to feel as being closer to the twin – experienced parental preference evaluated by the twin,and which one of the parents the twin felt closer to – twin’s own preference. Those males who wereequally close to both parents (experienced parental preference) had least total depressiveness, whilefemales   in   intermediate   situation   had   the   highest   self-confidence   and   least   anhedonia   andnervousness. According to twins’ own preference, twins who felt equally close to both parents hadleast total depressiveness and anhedonia. The intermediate position seems to be the best alternative,as these twins had the least symptoms.Psychosomatic and depressive symptoms were evaluated in relation to co-twin dependence inyoung adult twins. MZ twins, especially MZ females, reported most often co-twin dependence at allages. There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms between dependent andindependent twins. Twin’s subjective experience about co-twin dependence appeared to be importantfor the twin’s mental well-being, as dependence-independence imbalance within twin pair wasassociated with elevated levels of depressive symptom reporting, especially in twins who perceivedthemselves as dependent and the co-twin as independent. Dominance-submissiveness between co-twins and its relationship to mental health was assessedin young adulthood. Dominance-submissiveness in the twin relationships was assessed separately inthree domains of life: physical and psychological dominance-submissiveness and the role of aspokesperson. Submissiveness in the psychological domain seemed to be associated with increaseddepressiveness, nervous complaints and psychosomatic symptoms in males of male-female twinpairs. Among females of same-sex twin pairs, submissiveness in the psychological domain was mostclearly associated with depressive symptoms. We conclude that being submissive, especially in the psychological domain, to a female twinpartner seems to be stressful, whereas it is easier, especially for females, to be submissive to a maletwin partner. This was in contrast to co-twin dependency, which was experienced positively whenoccurring towards a twin sister.Keywords: co-twin dependence, depressiveness, dominance-submissiveness, parental preference, psychosomatic symptoms

HOW LONG DO THE CONSEQUENCES OF PARENTAL PREFERENCE LAST: A STUDY OF TWINS FROM PREGNANCY TO YOUNG ADULTHOOD

Twin Research and Human Genetics 9(2):240-9, 2006.

Tuulikki Trias, Hanna Ebeling, Varpu Penninkilampi-Kerola, Irma Moilanen

ABSTRACT

We analyzed depressive and psychosomatic symptoms in relation to parental preference in 419 twins at the age of 22 to 30 years. Depressiveness was elicited with Children’s Depression Inventory and reported as a total score and three subscales (low self-confidence, anhedonia and sadness) based on factor analysis as reported in a previous epidemiological study conducted in Finland. Items assessing nervous complaints and somatic symptoms were adapted from Finnish studies of juvenile health habits. Twins reported the preference in two directions: experienced parental preference towards either twin, and twin’s own preference towards either parent. About half of the twins were from pairs where both twins experienced having been equally close to both parents, while about 30% were from ‘equal and mother’s’ pair, where one twin evaluated having been preferred by the mother and the co-twin evaluated having been equally close to both parents. According to the twins’ own preference, about one third of the twin pairs were ‘both equal’, one third ‘both mother’s’ and one third ‘equal and mother’s’. Those male twins who were equally close to both parents (experienced parental preference) had least total depressiveness, while females in the intermediate situation had the highest self-confidence and least anhedonia and nervousness. According to twins’ own preference, twins who felt equally close to both parents had the least depressiveness and anhedonia. The intermediate position seems to be the best alternative, as these twins had the least symptoms.

EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOSOMATIC SYMPTOMS IN 12- TO 20- YEAR-OLD ADOLESCENT TWINS

Psychiatria Fennica, 2004

Tuulikki Trias, Hanna Ebeling, Irma Moilanen.

INTER-TWIN RELATIONSHIPS AND MENTAL HEALTH

Twin Research and Human Genetics 6(4):334-343, 2003.

Hanna Ebeling, Tuulikki Trias, Varpu Penninkilampi-Kerola, Irma Moilanen

We evaluated dominance-submissiveness between co-twins and its relationship to mental health in a cohort study of 419 twins followed from pregnancy to 22–30 years of age. Dominance-submissiveness between co-twins was assessed from three separate perspectives: physical dominance, psychological dominance, and verbal dominance. Depressive, nervous, and psychosomatic symptoms were analyzed in different twin groups. In the physical domain, males were more commonly dominant than females at school age and in adulthood. Before and at school age, girls were more dominant than boys in the psychological and verbal domains, as well as in total dominance. These differences disappeared in adulthood, and 81% of adult twins felt themselves equal to their co-twin in total dominance. Submissiveness in the psychological domain seemed to be associated with increased depressiveness, nervous complaints and psychosomatic symptoms in males of male-female twin pairs. Verbally submissive males in same-sex twin pairs had more depression and psychosomatic symptoms. Among females of same-sex twin pairs, submissiveness in the psychological domain was most clearly associated with depressive symptoms, whereas psychological or verbal dominance-submissiveness among females from male-female twin pairs was not associated with symptoms. Psychologically dominant males and females of same-sex twin pairs expressed greater nervousness than did their co-twins. We conclude that being submissive, especially in the psychological domain, to a female twin partner seems to be stressful, whereas it is easier, especially for females, to be submissive to a male twin partner.

PRESENTATION OF A CASE OF TRASFERENCE FOCUSED PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR ADOLESCENTS (TFP-A) WITH THE FOCUS ON THE ANALYSIS OF TRANSFERENCE

Tuulikki Trias

ABSTRACT

Transference Focused Psychotherapy for Adolescents (TFP-A) is a treatment for adolescents who show characteristics of severe personality disorders. It aims to consolidate an integrated identity of the adolescent. With the reduction of the identity diffusion the adolescent will get to have a better control of his behaviour, she/he will increase the affect regulation, will develop more intimate and satisfactory relationships and will increase the capacity to work. The focus in TFP-A is on facilitating the reactivation of split and distorted object relations and interpreting them, as they are experienced in the transference. The objective of this communication is to illustrate the evolution of the TFP-A of a 17-year old adolescent with the identity diffusion and sado-masoquistic and narcissistic traits. Special attention is given to the use of the patient’s non-verbal communication, and some manifestations of transference and countertransference are illustrated.

Key words: personality disorder, adolescence, psychotherapy, transference.